First Mexican species of the genus Cosberella (Collembola, Hypogastruridae)

A new species of Cosberella is described and illustrated from a temperate forest of Citlaltépetl formation, Veracruz State. It is characterized by the following combination of characters: Th I with 2 + 2 dorsal setae; 2 + 2 axial setae on Th II–III; two capitate tenent hairs on each leg; unguiculus half the length of unguis; unguis with tooth; six dental setae and Abd VI without anal spines. A key for the species of the genus is included

COMPARISON OF THE WORLDWIDE CAVE COLLEMBOLA AT THE GENERIC LEVEL 1

ABSTRACT: We present a comparison at the generic level of the cave Collembola fauna recorded around the world. Using the biogeographical provinces proposed by KEY WORDS: Diversity, cave, distribution, springtails, troglobites Caves represent a very peculiar environment, drawing the attention of many different kinds of research, including archaeology, biology, hydrology, geology and ethnology, and cultural aspects including legends and myths (Barr an

Fructose metabolism in Chromohalobacter salexigens: interplay between the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas and Entner–Doudoroff pathways

Background The halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens metabolizes glucose exclusively through the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, an adaptation which results in inefficient growth, with significant carbon overflow, especially at low salinity. Preliminary analysis of C. salexigens genome suggests that fructose metabolism could proceed through the Entner–Doudoroff and Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) pathways. In order to thrive at high salinity, this bacterium relies on the biosynthesis and accumulation of ectoines as major compatible solutes. This metabolic pathway imposes a high metabolic burden due to the consumption of a relevant proportion of cellular resources, including both energy molecules (NADPH and ATP) and carbon building blocks. Therefore, the existence of more than one glycolytic pathway with different stoichiometries may be an advantage for C. salexigens. The aim of this work is to experimentally characterize the metabolism of fructose in C. salexigens. Results Fructose metabolism was analyzed using in silico genome analysis, RT-PCR, isotopic labeling, and genetic approaches. During growth on fructose as the sole carbon source, carbon overflow was not observed in a wide range of salt concentrations, and higher biomass yields were reached. We unveiled the initial steps of the two pathways for fructose incorporation and their links to central metabolism. While glucose is metabolized exclusively through the Entner–Doudoroff (ED) pathway, fructose is also partially metabolized by the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) route. Tracking isotopic label from [1-13C] fructose to ectoines revealed that 81% and 19% of the fructose were metabolized through ED and EMP-like routes, respectively. Activities of enzymes from both routes were demonstrated in vitro by 31P-NMR. Genes encoding predicted fructokinase and 1-phosphofructokinase were cloned and the activities of their protein products were confirmed. Importantly, the protein encoded by csal1534 gene functions as fructose bisphosphatase, although it had been annotated previously as pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase. The gluconeogenic rather than glycolytic role of this enzyme in vivo is in agreement with the lack of 6-phosphofructokinase activity previously described. Conclusions Overall, this study shows that C. salexigens possesses a greater metabolic flexibility for fructose catabolism, the ED and EMP pathways contributing to a fine balancing of energy and biosynthetic demands and, subsequently, to a more efficient metabolism.University of Murcia and University of Seville was supported by projects: BIO2015-63949-R, BIO2014-54411-C2-1-REuropa MINECO/FEDER RTI2018-094393-B-C21Fundación Séneca (Grant no. 19236/PI/14

Detección de puntas epilépticas en señales electroencefalográficas para pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal utilizando wavelets

This paper describes a method for detecting epileptic spikes in a record electroencephalographic (EEG) surface by taking a single channel. We identified a pattern using multiresolution analysis with a biorthogonal wavelet after processing and analyzing the Wavelet Toolbox of Matlab, 207 records and 132 records of tips tricks previously classified by Neurophysiologist. This pattern enabled an algorithm for detecting spikes in patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy, based on the maximum voltage in each of the six levels of reconstruction using biorthogonal 3.7 wavelet. The algorithm was applied on records of patients with epilepsy, getting a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 80% in the diagnosis of epileptic spikes.PACS: 87.57.-sMSC: 65T60, 42C40En este trabajo se describe un método para la detección de puntas epilépticasen un registro electroencefalográfico(EEG) de superficie tomando un solocanal. Se identificó un patrón al utilizar el análisis multirresolución con unawavelet biortogonal después de procesar y analizar con el Toolbox Waveletde Matlab, 207 registros de puntas y 132 registros de artificios previamenteclasificadas por el neurofisiólogo. Este patrón permitió diseñar un algoritmopara la detección de puntas en pacientes con epilepsia refractaria del lóbulotemporal, a partir de los máximos voltajes en cada uno de los seis niveles de reconstrucción usando la wavelet biortogonal 3.7. El algoritmo se aplicó sobreregistros de pacientes con epilepsia, obteniéndose una sensibilidad del 92% yuna especificidad del 80% en el diagnóstico de las puntas epilépticas.PACS: 87.57.-sMSC: 65T60, 42C4

Diversity and dynamics of microarthropods from different biotopes of Las Sardinas cave (Mexico)

aBstract an ecological study of the microarthropod communities from las sardinas cave was undertaken. Four different biotopes were studied over the course of a year: bat guano, litter, soil under the chemoautotrophic bacteria colonies and as a control, plain soil without litter or guano. a total of 27,913 specimens of a total of 169 species were collected. analysis of Variance (anoVa) showed that there is a significant effect of biotope on the recorded density, and the post hoc Tukey's test showed that guano is the most different biotope with the highest value of density recorded. The interaction between season and biotope variables was not significant. In the most extreme case, 99 percent of the microarthropods in soil under chemoautotrophic bacteria were mites, mainly in the family Histiostomidae

Enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava stalk pretreated with the alkaline method

This study was developed with the aim of evaluating the pH, enzymatic complex load and temperature effects on the saccharification of pretreated cassava stalks (CS) using the response surface methodology (RSM). The factor levels evaluated were temperature 35 - 40°C, pH 4.0 - 5.0 and dose of enzymatic complex Accellerase 1500™ 2.9 - 14.5 FPU/g of substrate. The reducing sugar (RS) response was used. The pH was controlled through the use of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions and the system was shaken orbitally at 120 rpm with a solids loading of 10% w/v. The fitted model showed that the optimal operating conditions were: pH 4.0, 38°C and enzyme dose of 14.5 FPU/g substrate, reaching a sugar concentration of 18.4 g L-1

Miocarditis aguda: diagnóstico mediante resonancia magnética cardiaca

Cardiomyopathies are a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Myocarditis, which is included among specific cardiomyopathies, frequently presents non-specific clinical manifestations and thus may be difficult to diagnose, or even be misdiagnosed. Traditionally employed diagnostic techniques, including endomyocardial biopsy, have been shown to be of limited value. Following its overall implantation in clinical practice, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is nowadays widely considered to be the best non-invasive diagnostic tool available for diagnosing myocarditi